# Database Reference

XAMXAM SQLite database — schema, configuration, and operations.

The database lives at **`app/storage/xamxam.db`**. The canonical schema is
**`app/storage/schema.sql`** (base tables + seed data); incremental changes are
applied through versioned **migrations** in `app/migrations/` (see the
*Schema changes* section).

> Legacy docs referenced `posterg.db`, `database/schema.sql`, and
> `config/bootstrap.php`. Those are obsolete — the schema now lives under
> `app/storage/` and migrations are handled by `app/migrations/run.php`.

---

## Engine & mode

- **Engine:** SQLite 3
- **Mode:** WAL (`journal_mode=wal`) for safe concurrent reads + hot backups
- **Driver:** PDO (`ext-pdo` + `ext-sqlite3`), wrapped by `app/src/Database.php`

---

## Development quick start

```bash
just migrate          # run pending migrations (creates DB from schema if missing)
just init-db          # create DB from app/storage/schema.sql
just reset-db         # rm xamxam.db + init-db
just query            # open an interactive sqlite3 shell on app/storage/xamxam.db
sqlite3 app/storage/xamxam.db ".tables"
```

---

## Migrations

Migrations live in `app/migrations/`. They are run via
`app/migrations/run.php` (wrapped by `just migrate`) and tracked in the
`_migrations` table. Apply the same way in production with
`just deploy-migrate`.

Each migration is a numbered file:

```
app/migrations/applied/
├── 001_add_objet_column.sql
├── …
├── 041_combined_duration.sql
├── 042_fix_contact_columns.sql
└── 043_relabel_promoteur_ulb.php      # PHP migrations can run logic too
```

`schema.sql` is the fully-migrated baseline; it is regenerated from the local
DB so it always reflects the applied set of migrations.

---

## Tables

32 tables. Grouped by purpose:

### Core

| Table | Purpose |
|-------|---------|
| `theses` | The main entity (a TFE or doctoral work) |
| `authors` | People who authored a thesis |
| `supervisors` | Jury members (promoteur / lecteur / président) |
| `thesis_files` | Uploaded files attached to a thesis |
| `theses` subtypes | via `objet` column (`tfe`, `these`, …) and `is_doctoral` |

### Lookup / reference

| Table | Notes |
|-------|-------|
| `orientations` (15) | Arts Numériques, Dessin, …, Gravure |
| `ap_programs` (5) | Narration Spéculative, DPM, APS, LIENS, PACS |
| `finality_types` (3) | Approfondie, Enseignement, Spécialisée |
| `languages` | français, anglais, néerlandais, italian (lowercase; expandable) |
| `format_types` | Audio, Vidéo, Site web, Performance, Objet éditorial, Installation, Autre |
| `access_types` (3) | Libre / Interne / Interdit |
| `license_types` | CC BY 4.0 …, Domaine public, Tous droits réservés |
| `tags` | Keywords (dynamic, lowercase-normalised, max 10/thesis) |

### Junction (many-to-many)

`thesis_authors`, `thesis_supervisors`, `thesis_languages`,
`thesis_formats`, `thesis_tags`.

### Sharing / access

| Table | Purpose |
|-------|---------|
| `share_links` | Student/partage submission links (slug, password, expiry, archived) |
| `file_access_requests` | Requests to access restricted files |
| `file_access_tokens` | One-time access tokens |
| `file_access_sessions` | Session tokens for granted access |
| `file_access_audit` | Audit trail of access events |
| `one_time_tokens` | Generic single-use, expiring tokens (password reset, etc.); only SHA-256 hashes stored |

### Integrations / settings / content

| Table | Purpose |
|-------|---------|
| `peertube_settings` | PeerTube video-hosting config (instance, channel, labels) |
| `smtp_settings` | SMTP relay config + notify email (singleton `id=1`) |
| `site_settings` | Feature flags (access types, objets, upload, admin password hash) |
| `pages` | Editable content pages (`about`, `charte`, `licenses`) |
| `apropos_contents` | Structured contact / about content |
| `form_help_blocks` | Help texts on admin/partage forms |
| `system_cache` | Key/value cache |

### Auditing

| Table | Purpose |
|-------|---------|
| `admin_audit_log` | Audit log of admin operations (resource, action, status, IP/UA) |
| `audit_log` | Low-level row audit (actor, action, before/after JSON) |

---

## Key columns — `theses`

| Column | Type | Notes |
|--------|------|-------|
| `id` | INTEGER PK | Auto |
| `identifier` | TEXT | Human-readable id (e.g. `2025-003`) |
| `title` | TEXT NOT NULL | |
| `subtitle` | TEXT | |
| `year` | INTEGER NOT NULL | |
| `is_doctoral` | BOOLEAN | `0`=TFE, `1`=doctoral |
| `objet` | TEXT | `'tfe'` default; other objets (`these`, `frart`) gated by site_settings |
| `orientation_id` / `ap_program_id` / `finality_id` | INT FK | Lookup refs |
| `synopsis` / `context_note` / `remarks` | TEXT | |
| `duration_value` / `duration_unit` | REAL / TEXT | Normalised duration (`pages` or `minutes`) |
| `duration_pages`, `duration_minutes` | INT | Legacy per-unit duration fields (combined handling at app level) |
| `has_annexes` | BOOLEAN | |
| `access_type_id` | INT FK | Libre / Interne / Interdit |
| `license_id` | INT FK | → `license_types` |
| `cc2r` | BOOLEAN | CC2r licence checkbox |
| `license_custom` | TEXT | Free-form licence text |
| `jury_points` | DECIMAL(4,2) | Grade / 20 |
| `jury_note_added` | BOOLEAN | |
| `contact_visible` | TEXT | `'public'`/`'internal'` control for author contact |
| `submitted_at`, `date_depot`, `defense_date`, `published_at` | DATETIME | Lifecycle timestamps (`date_depot` = real deposit date from CSV bulk import; Brussels-local parse → UTC storage) |
| `is_published` | BOOLEAN | Public visibility flag |
| `status` | TEXT | Default `'active'` |
| `baiu_link` | TEXT | Institutional repo link |
| `exemplaire_baiu`, `exemplaire_erg` | BOOLEAN | Physical copy flags |
| `deleted_at` | DATETIME | Soft delete |
| `created_at` / `updated_at` | DATETIME | Auto (`updated_at` trigger) |

### `thesis_supervisors`

Tracked via an explicit `role`/flag system rather than separate entity tables:

| Column | Notes |
|--------|-------|
| `role` | `promoteur`, `lecteur`, `president` |
| `is_external` | Lecturer is external |
| `is_ulb` | Promoteur is from the university (UCLouvain) side |

---

## Views

- **`v_theses_full`** — all theses with joined, human-readable fields
  (orientations, AP, finality, access, license, authors, supervisors with
  role splits, languages, formats, tags/keywords, contact fields).
- **`v_theses_public`** — `v_theses_full` filtered to `is_published = 1`.
- **`v_smtp_active`** — active SMTP settings row.

---

## Scaffolded / helper tables

- `_migrations` — applied migration bookkeeping (used by the runner).

---

## Business rules

- **Access:** can only be *restricted* (Libre → Interne → Interdit), never opened back up — enforced in the UI/flow.
- **Keywords (`tags`):** lowercase-normalised, de-duplicated, min 3 (form) / max 10 per thesis.
- **Soft deletes:** reference tables such as `languages` carry `deleted_at`; hard `DELETE` is avoided where recoverability matters.
- **Files:** stored outside the webroot under `app/storage/`; DB rows use storage-relative paths (`theses/<year>/<year>_<AUTHOR>/…`).

---

## Common operations

```sql
-- Published theses
SELECT * FROM v_theses_public ORDER BY year DESC;

-- Single thesis (admin view)
SELECT * FROM v_theses_full WHERE id = ?;

-- By year + orientation
SELECT * FROM v_theses_public WHERE year = 2025 AND orientation = 'Arts Numériques';

-- Search by keyword (tag)
SELECT DISTINCT t.* FROM theses t
JOIN thesis_tags tt ON t.id = tt.thesis_id
JOIN tags g ON tt.tag_id = g.id
WHERE g.name = 'écologie' AND t.is_published = 1;

-- Theses per year
SELECT year, COUNT(*) FROM theses WHERE is_published = 1 GROUP BY year ORDER BY year DESC;

-- Publish a thesis
UPDATE theses SET is_published = 1, published_at = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP WHERE id = 5;
```

> Note: keyword/contact fields in `v_theses_*` are `GROUP_CONCAT` aggregates —
> prefer joining the junction tables (`thesis_tags`/`tags`) when you need
> per-row access.

---

## Backup & maintenance

```bash
just backup            # SQL dump → app/storage/backup_<timestamp>.sql
just backup-snapshot   # WAL-safe hot backup + gzip → app/storage/backups/
```

On the server, backups are scheduled to `/var/backups/xamxam/` via
`/etc/cron.d/xamxam-backup` (see [deployment.md](deployment.md)).

Manual maintenance:

```bash
sqlite3 app/storage/xamxam.db "VACUUM;"              # after large deletes
sqlite3 app/storage/xamxam.db "ANALYZE;"
sqlite3 app/storage/xamxam.db "PRAGMA integrity_check;"   # expect "ok"
```

---

## Schema changes

1. Back up first: `cp app/storage/xamxam.db app/storage/xamxam.db.bak`
2. Add a numbered migration file under `app/migrations/applied/`
   (`.sql` for DDL/DML, `.php` when data logic is needed).
3. Run `just migrate` (or `just deploy-migrate` on the server) — idempotent,
   tracked via `_migrations`.
4. When appropriate, regenerate `app/storage/schema.sql` from the applied set
   so it stays a faithful baseline.

Change request format:

```
Table: [table_name]
Change: [add/modify/remove]
Column: [column_name]
Type: [data_type]
Reason: [why needed]
Example: [sample data]
```