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Add refactoring recommendations for controller/template/routing separation
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REFACTORING_RECOMMENDATIONS.md
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615
REFACTORING_RECOMMENDATIONS.md
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# Posterg: Refactoring Recommendations
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Concrete improvements to the separation between templating, routing, and backend logic — staying in PHP, no framework required.
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---
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## 1. Extract a Micro-Router + Middleware Pipeline
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### Problem
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Every file repeats the same preamble. The 7 action handlers and 17 page controllers all independently:
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```php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../config/bootstrap.php';
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../src/AdminAuth.php';
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AdminAuth::requireLogin();
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if (empty($_SESSION['csrf_token'])) {
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$_SESSION['csrf_token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
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}
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../src/Database.php';
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```
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This is ~6-8 identical lines per file × 24 files = ~170 lines of pure duplication. When the CSRF check pattern changes, every action handler must be updated in lockstep.
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### Solution
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Create `src/App.php` — a thin request dispatcher with middleware hooks:
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```php
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// src/App.php
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class App {
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private static bool $booted = false;
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/** Boot once per request: load Database, ensure CSRF token exists. */
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public static function boot(): Database {
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if (!self::$booted) {
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/Database.php';
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self::$booted = true;
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}
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if (empty($_SESSION['csrf_token'])) {
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$_SESSION['csrf_token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
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}
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return Database::getInstance();
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}
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/** Gate for admin pages: auth + CSRF token. */
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public static function adminGuard(): Database {
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/AdminAuth.php';
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AdminAuth::requireLogin();
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return self::boot();
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}
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/** Validate CSRF on POST. Call at the top of every action handler. */
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public static function verifyCsrf(): void {
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if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] !== 'POST'
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|| !isset($_POST['csrf_token'], $_SESSION['csrf_token'])
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|| !hash_equals($_SESSION['csrf_token'], $_POST['csrf_token'])) {
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http_response_code(403);
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exit('CSRF token invalide.');
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}
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}
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/** Regenerate CSRF after a successful mutation. */
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public static function rotateCsrf(): void {
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$_SESSION['csrf_token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(32));
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}
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/** Flash a message into the session and redirect. */
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public static function redirect(string $url, ?string $success = null, ?string $error = null): never {
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if ($success) $_SESSION['success'] = $success;
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if ($error) $_SESSION['error'] = $error;
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header('Location: ' . $url);
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exit;
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}
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}
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```
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Every admin page becomes:
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```php
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../config/bootstrap.php';
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$db = App::adminGuard();
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// ... page-specific logic
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```
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Every action handler becomes:
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```php
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../../config/bootstrap.php';
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$db = App::adminGuard();
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App::verifyCsrf();
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// ... mutation logic
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App::rotateCsrf();
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App::redirect('/admin/', success: 'Done.');
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```
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**Impact**: Eliminates ~170 lines of duplication. Centralises the CSRF lifecycle (generate, verify, rotate) in one place. Any change to the auth or CSRF pattern is a single-file edit.
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---
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## 2. Separate Controllers from Templates
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### Problem
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Every page file (e.g. `public/index.php`, `public/search.php`, `public/admin/edit.php`) is a single file that mixes three concerns:
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1. **Data fetching** (DB queries, input validation, pagination math)
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2. **View variable preparation** (`$pageTitle`, `$ogTags`, `$extraCss`, `$bodyClass`)
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3. **HTML rendering** (the entire template, inline)
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`system.php` is the extreme case: 400+ lines of PHP logic (systemd checks, curl pings, disk stats, log parsing, nginx syntax highlighting) followed by 200+ lines of inline `<style>`, then 200+ lines of HTML, then 30+ lines of inline `<script>`.
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`search.php` is another: the répertoire index view and the search results view are two entirely different pages sharing a single file because they share a URL.
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### Solution
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Introduce a `controllers/` directory. Each controller is a function that does the data work and returns an associative array. The page file becomes a thin bridge.
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**Directory structure:**
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```
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src/
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App.php ← new: middleware/helpers
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controllers/
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HomeController.php
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SearchController.php
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TfeController.php
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admin/
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ThesisListController.php
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ThesisEditController.php
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ThesisAddController.php
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TagController.php
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PageController.php
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SystemController.php
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AccountController.php
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...existing files...
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templates/
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public/
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home.php
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search-results.php
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search-index.php
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tfe.php
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apropos.php
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licence.php
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admin/
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thesis-list.php
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thesis-edit.php
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thesis-add.php
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tags.php
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pages-list.php
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pages-edit.php
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system.php
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account.php
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...existing shared templates (head.php, header.php, footer.php)...
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```
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**Example — `search.php` split:**
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```php
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// src/controllers/SearchController.php
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class SearchController {
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public static function index(Database $db): array {
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// Collect params, run queries, compute pagination
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// ...all current logic from the top of search.php...
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return [
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'hasSearch' => $hasSearch,
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'results' => $results,
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'totalItems' => $totalItems,
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'totalPages' => $totalPages,
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'years' => $years,
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'orientations'=> $orientations,
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'apPrograms' => $apPrograms,
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'keywords' => $keywords,
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'students' => $students,
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'authorMap' => $authorMap,
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'page' => $page,
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'error' => $validationError,
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// Template config
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'pageTitle' => 'Répertoire – Posterg',
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'bodyClass' => 'search-body',
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'extraCss' => ['/assets/css/search.css'],
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'currentNav' => 'repertoire',
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];
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}
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}
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```
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```php
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// public/search.php (entire file)
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/bootstrap.php';
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/RateLimit.php';
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// Rate limiting (stays here — it's a routing concern)
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$rateLimit = new RateLimit(30, 60);
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if (!$rateLimit->check()) { /* ...429 response... */ }
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$rateLimit->sendHeaders();
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$db = App::boot();
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/controllers/SearchController.php';
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$data = SearchController::index($db);
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extract($data); // populates $hasSearch, $results, $pageTitle, etc.
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/head.php';
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/header.php';
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if ($hasSearch) {
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/public/search-results.php';
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} else {
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/public/search-index.php';
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}
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/footer.php';
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```
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```
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// templates/public/search-results.php
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// Pure HTML + minimal <?= ?> for output. No DB queries. No input processing.
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```
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**Impact**: Templates become auditable for XSS — they only do output. Controllers are testable — they return arrays, no output buffering needed. The `extract()` bridge keeps the familiar variable-name convention without changing every template.
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---
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## 3. Introduce a `render()` Helper to Replace the 5-Line Include Chain
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### Problem
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Every page ends with the same sequence:
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```php
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/head.php';
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/header.php';
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// ... main content ...
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/footer.php'; // or admin/footer.php
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```
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The admin variant also requires `$isAdmin = true; $bodyClass = 'admin-body';` to be set before the head include. Forgetting any variable or include breaks the page silently.
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### Solution
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Add a `render()` function to `App`:
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```php
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// In src/App.php
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public static function render(string $template, array $vars = []): void {
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extract($vars);
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/head.php';
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/header.php';
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/' . $template;
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// Choose footer based on admin flag
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if (!empty($isAdmin)) {
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/admin/footer.php';
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} else {
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include APP_ROOT . '/templates/footer.php';
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}
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}
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```
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Every page becomes:
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```php
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// public/licence.php
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../config/bootstrap.php';
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$db = App::boot();
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/controllers/LicenceController.php';
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App::render('public/licence.php', LicenceController::index($db));
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```
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Every admin page becomes:
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```php
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// public/admin/tags.php
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../config/bootstrap.php';
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$db = App::adminGuard();
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/controllers/admin/TagController.php';
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App::render('admin/tags.php', TagController::index($db));
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```
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**Impact**: No more forgotten includes. The head→header→content→footer pipeline is enforced. Admin footer selection is automatic. Template variables are explicit (passed as array keys, not ambient scope).
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---
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## 4. Consolidate Action Handlers into Controller Methods
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### Problem
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The `public/admin/actions/` directory contains 7 POST-only files that each:
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1. Require bootstrap + auth
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2. Verify CSRF
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3. Extract + validate `$_POST` data
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4. Call `Database` methods
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5. Rotate CSRF
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6. Flash a message
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7. Redirect
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Steps 1-2 and 5-7 are identical in every file. The actual business logic (step 4) is usually 5-15 lines.
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`actions/publish.php` (95 lines) does exactly one thing: flip `is_published` on 1-N theses. The other 80 lines are auth, CSRF, validation boilerplate.
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### Solution
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Merge each action into its controller as a `handlePost()` or action-specific static method:
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```php
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// src/controllers/admin/ThesisListController.php
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class ThesisListController {
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public static function index(Database $db): array {
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// ... current admin/index.php data logic ...
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}
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public static function publish(Database $db): never {
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App::verifyCsrf();
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$action = $_POST['action'] ?? '';
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$isBulk = !empty($_POST['bulk']);
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// ... 15 lines of actual logic ...
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App::rotateCsrf();
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App::redirect('/admin/', success: "$count TFE(s) publié(s).");
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}
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public static function toggleMaintenance(Database $db): never {
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App::verifyCsrf();
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// ... 6 lines ...
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App::rotateCsrf();
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App::redirect('/admin/', success: 'Maintenance toggled.');
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}
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}
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```
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The page file handles dispatch:
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```php
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// public/admin/index.php
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../config/bootstrap.php';
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$db = App::adminGuard();
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/controllers/admin/ThesisListController.php';
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if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST') {
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$action = $_POST['_action'] ?? '';
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match($action) {
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'publish' => ThesisListController::publish($db),
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'maintenance' => ThesisListController::toggleMaintenance($db),
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default => App::redirect('/admin/', error: 'Action inconnue.'),
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};
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}
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App::render('admin/thesis-list.php', ThesisListController::index($db));
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```
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**Or** keep the existing `actions/*.php` files but reduce each to 3 lines:
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```php
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// public/admin/actions/publish.php (entire file)
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<?php
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require_once __DIR__ . '/../../../config/bootstrap.php';
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$db = App::adminGuard();
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App::verifyCsrf();
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require_once APP_ROOT . '/src/controllers/admin/ThesisListController.php';
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ThesisListController::publish($db);
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```
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**Impact**: The `actions/` directory goes from 7 files × 50-100 lines each ≈ 500 lines, to 7 files × 5 lines each ≈ 35 lines. The business logic moves into testable controller methods.
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---
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## 5. Extract Inline CSS and JS from `system.php`
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### Problem
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`system.php` contains:
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- 180 lines of `<style>` embedded in the page
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- 40 lines of `<script>` embedded in the page
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- 12 PHP helper functions defined inline (`safeExec`, `systemdStatus`, `localHttpCheck`, `humanBytes`, `statusLabel`, `statusClass`, `readLogTail`, `logLineClass`, `nginxLineClass`)
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This makes it the largest file in the project (500+ lines) and impossible to cache the CSS/JS independently.
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### Solution
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1. Move the `<style>` block → `public/assets/css/system.css`, reference it via `$extraCss`
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2. Move the `<script>` block → `public/assets/js/system.js`, reference it via `$extraJs`
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3. Move the 12 helper functions → `src/controllers/admin/SystemController.php`
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4. Move the data-gathering logic (checks array, PHP info, disk stats, log reading) into `SystemController::index()`
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The template becomes pure HTML with `<?= ?>` interpolation.
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**Impact**: `system.php` goes from ~500 lines to ~5 lines (boot + controller + render). The CSS/JS becomes cacheable by the browser (nginx `expires 30d` rule already exists for `.css`/`.js`). The helpers become unit-testable.
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---
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## 6. Introduce Template Partials for Repeated UI Patterns
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### Problem
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Several HTML patterns are copy-pasted across templates:
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**Flash messages** — Identical block in `admin/index.php`, `admin/edit.php`, `admin/tags.php`, `admin/pages.php`, `admin/account.php`:
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```php
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<?php if (isset($_SESSION['error'])): ?>
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<div class="admin-alert admin-alert--error">⚠ <?= htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['error']); unset($_SESSION['error']); ?></div>
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<?php endif; ?>
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<?php if (isset($_SESSION['success'])): ?>
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<div class="admin-alert admin-alert--success">✓ <?= htmlspecialchars($_SESSION['success']); unset($_SESSION['success']); ?></div>
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<?php endif; ?>
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```
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**Pagination** — Near-identical block in `index.php` and `search.php` (30 lines each, slightly different URL building).
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**Select dropdowns with "selected" logic** — Repeated in `admin/add.php` and `admin/edit.php` for orientation, AP, finality, license, access type.
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**Jury fieldset + JS** — Duplicated between `admin/add.php` and `admin/edit.php` (50+ lines of identical HTML + 20 lines of identical JS).
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### Solution
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Create small partial templates:
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```
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templates/
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partials/
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flash-messages.php ← reads $_SESSION['error'] / $_SESSION['success']
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pagination.php ← receives $page, $totalPages, $baseUrl
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admin/
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select-field.php ← receives $name, $label, $options, $selected
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checkbox-list.php ← receives $name, $label, $options, $checked
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jury-fieldset.php ← receives $jury (array), outputs fieldset + JS
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```
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**Example — `flash-messages.php`:**
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```php
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<?php
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// templates/partials/flash-messages.php
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$_flashError = $_SESSION['error'] ?? $_SESSION['admin_error'] ?? $_SESSION['edit_error'] ?? null;
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$_flashSuccess = $_SESSION['success'] ?? $_SESSION['admin_success'] ?? $_SESSION['edit_success'] ?? null;
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unset($_SESSION['error'], $_SESSION['success'], $_SESSION['admin_error'],
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$_SESSION['admin_success'], $_SESSION['edit_error'], $_SESSION['edit_success']);
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?>
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<?php if ($_flashError): ?>
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<div class="admin-alert admin-alert--error">⚠ <?= htmlspecialchars($_flashError) ?></div>
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<?php endif; ?>
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<?php if ($_flashSuccess): ?>
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<div class="admin-alert admin-alert--success">✓ <?= htmlspecialchars($_flashSuccess) ?></div>
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<?php endif; ?>
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```
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|
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This also fixes a latent bug: the project uses 6 different session keys for flash messages (`error`, `success`, `admin_error`, `admin_success`, `edit_error`, `edit_success`, `form_error`). Centralising flash handling would unify these into two keys.
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**Impact**: Eliminates ~200 lines of duplicated HTML. The jury fieldset (duplicated between add and edit) becomes a single 50-line partial. Form field partials make admin pages shorter and more consistent.
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---
|
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## 7. Unify Flash Message Keys
|
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|
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### Problem
|
||||
|
||||
The project uses 7 different session keys for flash messages across different pages:
|
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||||
| Key | Used by |
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|-----|---------|
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| `$_SESSION['error']` | `admin/index.php`, `visibility.php`, `account.php` |
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||||
| `$_SESSION['success']` | `admin/index.php`, `visibility.php`, `pages.php`, `account.php` |
|
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| `$_SESSION['admin_error']` | `tags.php` |
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| `$_SESSION['admin_success']` | `tags.php` |
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| `$_SESSION['edit_error']` | `admin/edit.php` |
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| `$_SESSION['edit_success']` | `admin/edit.php` |
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| `$_SESSION['form_error']` | `admin/add.php` |
|
||||
| `$_SESSION['form_data']` | `admin/add.php` (re-population) |
|
||||
|
||||
This means flash messages can silently persist across pages if a redirect sends the user somewhere that doesn't read the matching key.
|
||||
|
||||
### Solution
|
||||
|
||||
Standardise on two keys: `$_SESSION['_flash_error']` and `$_SESSION['_flash_success']`. Consume them in the shared `flash-messages.php` partial. Add `App::flash(string $type, string $message)` helper.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 8. Move OG Tag Construction into Controller Logic
|
||||
|
||||
### Problem
|
||||
|
||||
Every public page constructs `$ogTags` inline before the template, with ~15 lines of boilerplate. `tfe.php` has 25 lines of OG logic including image resolution (banner → cover → none) and description truncation.
|
||||
|
||||
### Solution
|
||||
|
||||
Move OG tag logic into each controller's return array. Create a helper:
|
||||
|
||||
```php
|
||||
// In src/App.php or a dedicated helpers file
|
||||
public static function ogTags(array $overrides = []): array {
|
||||
return array_merge([
|
||||
'type' => 'website',
|
||||
'site_name' => 'Posterg – ERG',
|
||||
'title' => 'Posterg',
|
||||
'description' => '',
|
||||
'url' => '',
|
||||
'image' => '',
|
||||
], $overrides);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The TFE controller builds the OG image resolution as part of its data preparation. The template never touches it.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Summary: Proposed File Layout
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
src/
|
||||
App.php ← NEW: boot, adminGuard, verifyCsrf, render, redirect, flash
|
||||
Database.php ← unchanged
|
||||
AdminAuth.php ← unchanged
|
||||
RateLimit.php ← unchanged
|
||||
Parsedown.php ← unchanged
|
||||
config.php ← unchanged
|
||||
controllers/
|
||||
HomeController.php ← extracted from public/index.php
|
||||
SearchController.php ← extracted from public/search.php
|
||||
TfeController.php ← extracted from public/tfe.php
|
||||
AproposController.php ← extracted from public/apropos.php
|
||||
LicenceController.php ← extracted from public/licence.php
|
||||
admin/
|
||||
ThesisListController.php ← extracted from admin/index.php + actions/publish.php + actions/maintenance.php
|
||||
ThesisEditController.php ← extracted from admin/edit.php + actions/edit.php
|
||||
ThesisAddController.php ← extracted from admin/add.php + actions/formulaire.php
|
||||
TagController.php ← extracted from admin/tags.php + actions/tag.php
|
||||
PageController.php ← extracted from admin/pages.php + pages-edit.php + actions/page.php
|
||||
SystemController.php ← extracted from admin/system.php (400 lines of logic)
|
||||
AccountController.php ← extracted from admin/account.php + actions/account.php
|
||||
ImportController.php ← extracted from admin/import.php
|
||||
|
||||
templates/
|
||||
head.php ← unchanged
|
||||
header.php ← unchanged
|
||||
footer.php ← unchanged
|
||||
search-bar.php ← unchanged
|
||||
admin/
|
||||
footer.php ← unchanged
|
||||
partials/
|
||||
flash-messages.php ← NEW
|
||||
pagination.php ← NEW
|
||||
admin/
|
||||
jury-fieldset.php ← NEW (deduplicated from add.php + edit.php)
|
||||
select-field.php ← NEW
|
||||
checkbox-list.php ← NEW
|
||||
public/
|
||||
home.php ← extracted HTML from index.php
|
||||
search-results.php ← extracted HTML from search.php (results view)
|
||||
search-index.php ← extracted HTML from search.php (répertoire view)
|
||||
tfe.php ← extracted HTML from tfe.php
|
||||
apropos.php ← extracted HTML from apropos.php
|
||||
licence.php ← extracted HTML from licence.php
|
||||
admin/
|
||||
thesis-list.php ← extracted HTML from admin/index.php
|
||||
thesis-edit.php ← extracted HTML from admin/edit.php
|
||||
thesis-add.php ← extracted HTML from admin/add.php
|
||||
tags.php ← extracted HTML from admin/tags.php
|
||||
pages-list.php ← extracted HTML from admin/pages.php
|
||||
pages-edit.php ← extracted HTML from admin/pages-edit.php
|
||||
system.php ← extracted HTML from admin/system.php
|
||||
account.php ← extracted HTML from admin/account.php
|
||||
|
||||
public/
|
||||
index.php ← 5-8 lines: boot, controller, render
|
||||
search.php ← 8-10 lines: boot, rate limit, controller, render
|
||||
tfe.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
apropos.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
licence.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
media.php ← unchanged (already clean)
|
||||
maintenance.php ← unchanged
|
||||
live-reload.php ← unchanged
|
||||
admin/
|
||||
index.php ← 8-10 lines: boot, dispatch POST or render
|
||||
edit.php ← 8-10 lines
|
||||
add.php ← 8-10 lines
|
||||
tags.php ← 6-8 lines
|
||||
pages.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
pages-edit.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
system.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
account.php ← 8-10 lines
|
||||
import.php ← 5-8 lines
|
||||
login.php ← unchanged
|
||||
logout.php ← unchanged
|
||||
actions/ ← can be REMOVED (merged into controllers)
|
||||
OR reduced to 3-5 line stubs
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Estimated Impact
|
||||
|
||||
| Metric | Before | After |
|
||||
|--------|--------|-------|
|
||||
| Lines in `public/` page files | ~4,200 | ~200 |
|
||||
| Lines in `actions/` handlers | ~500 | 0 (merged) |
|
||||
| Duplicated boilerplate | ~300 lines | ~0 |
|
||||
| Duplicated HTML (jury, flash, pagination) | ~200 lines | ~0 |
|
||||
| `system.php` | 530 lines | ~8 lines (page) + ~180 (controller) + ~100 (CSS) + ~30 (JS) |
|
||||
| Testable controller methods | 0 | ~15 |
|
||||
| Flash session key variants | 7 | 2 |
|
||||
|
||||
Total net reduction: ~800–1,000 lines eliminated through deduplication, with cleaner separation making the remaining code auditable and testable.
|
||||
|
||||
## Execution Order
|
||||
|
||||
This can be done incrementally, one page at a time, with zero disruption:
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Create `src/App.php`** with `boot()`, `adminGuard()`, `verifyCsrf()`, `rotateCsrf()`, `redirect()`, `render()`, `flash()`
|
||||
2. **Create `templates/partials/flash-messages.php`** and adopt it in one admin page
|
||||
3. **Extract `SystemController`** — the biggest single-file win (500 → 8 lines)
|
||||
4. **Extract `SearchController`** — the most complex public page
|
||||
5. **Extract `ThesisEditController`** — merges `edit.php` + `actions/edit.php`, deduplicates jury fieldset
|
||||
6. **Do remaining controllers one by one**, smallest first
|
||||
7. **Unify flash keys** project-wide as the last step
|
||||
1
TODO.md
1
TODO.md
@@ -10,3 +10,4 @@
|
||||
- `common.css`: `.site-nav` → `header nav`, `.site-nav__logo` → `header nav > a`, etc.
|
||||
- `admin.css`: `.admin-nav` → `.admin-body header nav`, logout via `[data-nav-logout]` attribute
|
||||
- [x] PHP vs Flask architecture analysis (`ANALYSIS_PHP_VS_FLASK.md`)
|
||||
- [x] Refactoring recommendations for controller/template separation (`REFACTORING_RECOMMENDATIONS.md`)
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user